APPENDIX A.
NATIVE PLANTS AND ANIMALS OF THE OREGON COAST RANGE
This appendix consists of three tables. Table A.1 is a list of native bearing trees, shrubs, and other understory vascular plants noted by General Land Office surveyors (see Appendix D). Table A.2 is a list of native food plants used by precontact Indian families. Table A.3 is a list of native animals used for food.
Table A.1 Native trees, shrubs, and vines.
|
Bearing Trees |
Latin Name |
Surveyor Notes |
|
Alder (Red) |
Alnus rubra |
|
|
Ash (Oregon) |
Fraxinus latifolia |
|
|
Cherry, Wild |
Prunus emarginata |
"Cherry" |
|
Chinquapin |
Chrysolepis chrysophylla |
|
|
Chittam |
Rhamnus purshiana |
Cascara buckthorn |
|
(Cottonwood, Black) |
Populus balsamifera |
"Balm" (of Gilead) |
|
Crabapple (Wild) |
Pyrus fusca |
|
|
Dogwood |
Cornus nuttalli |
|
|
(Douglas-fir) |
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
"Fir" |
|
(Fir, "True") |
Abies, spp. |
"Spruce"? |
|
(Fir, Grand) |
Abies grandis |
|
|
(Fir, Noble) |
Abies nobilis |
|
|
Fir, White |
Abies concolor |
(?) |
|
Hemlock (Western) |
Tsuga heterophylla |
|
|
(Madrone) |
Arbutus menziesii |
" Mountain Balm"? |
|
Maple (Bigleaf) |
Acer macrophyllum |
|
|
Myrtle |
Myrica californica |
(?) |
|
Oak (White) |
Quercas garryanna |
|
|
(Redcedar) |
Thuja plicata |
"Cedar" |
|
Spruce (Sitka) |
Picea sitchensis |
True fir? |
|
Willow |
Salix, spp. |
|
|
Yew |
Taxus brevifolia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Plants |
|
|
|
Arrowwood |
Holodiscus discolor |
Ocean spray |
|
Blackberry (Wild) |
Rubus ursinus |
|
|
(Brackenfern) |
Pteridium aquilinum |
"Fern" |
|
Camas |
Camassia, spp. |
|
|
(Chokecherry) |
Prunus virginiana |
"Cherry" |
|
DevilŐs ("War") Club |
Oplopanax horridum |
"Devil's Walking Stick" |
|
Ferns |
Polystichum, spp. |
And others |
|
Gooseberry |
Ribes divaricatum |
|
|
Grasses |
Poaceae, spp. |
And others |
|
Hazel |
Corylus cornuta |
Filbert |
|
Huckleberry |
Vaccinium, spp. |
|
|
Laurel |
Kalmia occidentalist (?) |
Madrone? |
|
Lilac |
Ceanothus, spp. (?) |
Buckbrush? |
|
Oregon Grape |
Berberis aquifolium |
"Wild grape" |
|
Pea (Wild, "Indian") |
Vicia americana |
Also Lathyrus, spp. |
|
Raspberry (Wild) |
Rubus leucodermis |
Blackcap |
|
Rhododendron (Western) |
Rhododendron macrophyllum |
|
|
Salal |
Gaultheria shallon |
|
|
Salmonberry |
Rubus spectabilis |
|
|
Strawberry (Wild) |
Fragaria, spp. |
|
|
Thimbleberry |
Rubus parviflorus |
|
|
Vine Maple |
Acer circinatum |
|
|
Food Type |
Food Name |
Fire |
Latin Name |
Reference |
|
Berries |
Blackberry |
XX |
Rubus ursinus |
|
|
|
Black cap |
XX |
Rubus leucodermis |
|
|
|
Elderberry |
XX |
Sambus spp. |
|
|
|
Gooseberry |
XX |
Ribes divaricatum |
|
|
|
Huckleberry |
XX |
Vaccinium, spp. |
|
|
|
Kinnikinik |
XX |
Arctostaphylos |
Jensen 2000 |
|
|
Oregon Grape |
XX |
Berberis aquifolium |
|
|
|
Salal |
XX |
Gaultheria shallon |
|
|
|
Salmonberry |
XX |
Rubus spectabilis |
|
|
|
Strawberry |
XX |
Fragaria, spp. |
|
|
|
Thimbleberry |
XX |
Rubus parviflorus |
|
|
Bulbs |
Camas |
XX |
Camassia, spp. |
|
|
|
Lily, Chocolate |
XX |
Fritillaria lanceolata |
|
|
|
Lily, Tiger |
XX |
Lilium columbianum |
|
|
|
Onion |
XX |
Allium, spp. |
|
|
|
Wapato |
X |
Sagittaria latifolia |
|
|
Fruits |
Crabapple |
X |
Pyrus fusca |
|
|
|
Cranberries |
X |
|
|
|
|
Cherry, Wild |
XX |
Prunus emarginata |
|
|
|
Chokecherry |
XX |
Prunus virginiana |
|
|
|
Indian plum |
XX |
Oemleria cerasiformis |
|
|
|
Manzanita |
|
|
|
|
|
Rosehips |
XX |
Rosa spp. |
|
|
Grains |
Grass seed |
XX |
Poaceae, spp. |
|
|
|
Indian peas |
XX |
Vicia Americana |
|
|
|
Sunflower |
XX |
Wyethia angustifolia ? |
|
|
|
Tarweed |
XX |
Madia, spp. |
|
|
|
Vetch |
XX |
Vicia spp. |
|
|
Greens |
Dock |
XX |
Rumex occidentalis |
|
|
|
Miner's Lettuce |
XX |
Claytonia spp. |
|
|
|
Nettles |
XX |
Urtica dioica |
|
|
|
Seaweed |
X |
Porphyra spp. |
|
|
|
Sweet Clover |
X |
Trifolium spp. |
|
|
Mushrooms |
Chicken-in-the-woods |
|
Laetiporus sulphureaus |
Arora 1991 |
|
|
Matsutake |
|
Tricholoma spp. |
Arora 1991 |
|
|
Morrels |
XX |
Morchella spp. |
Arora 1991 |
|
|
Puffballs |
XX |
Calvatia spp |
Arora 1991 |
|
|
Shaggy Manes |
|
Coprinus comatus |
Arora 1991 |
|
Nuts |
Acorns |
XX |
Quercas garryanna |
Wilkes 1845 |
|
|
Filberts |
XX |
Corylus cornuta |
|
|
|
Myrtle nuts |
XX |
Myrica californica |
|
|
|
Pine nuts |
X |
Pinus, spp. |
|
|
Roots |
Brackenfern |
XX |
Pteridium aquilinum |
|
|
|
Mountain carrot |
XX |
Lomatum spp. |
|
|
|
Yampah |
XX |
Perideridia gairdneri |
|
|
Stalks |
Cat-tail |
X |
Typha latifolia |
|
|
|
Fiddleheads |
XX |
Polystichum, spp. |
|
|
|
Skunk cabbage |
X |
Lysichiton americanum |
|
|
|
Thistle (Edible) |
XX |
|
|
Table A.3 Native food animals.
Food Type |
Food Name |
Fire |
Latin Name |
Crustaceans |
Crabs, Dungeness |
O |
Cancer magister |
|
|
Crawdads |
X |
Astacus pacifastacus |
|
|
Shrimp |
O |
|
Fish |
Eels, Lamprey |
X |
Lampetra tridentate |
|
|
Eulachon |
O |
Thaleichthys pacificus |
|
|
Flounder |
X |
Platichthys spp. |
|
|
Herring, Pacific |
O |
Clupea harengus |
|
|
Halibut |
X |
|
|
|
Perch |
O |
Rhacochilus/Embiotoca |
|
|
Rockfish |
O |
Sebastes spp. |
|
|
Salmon, Chinook |
X |
O. tshawytscha |
|
|
Salmon, Coho |
X |
O. kisutch |
|
|
Salmon, Dog |
X |
O. keta |
|
|
Salmon, Sockeye |
X |
Oncorhynchus nerka |
|
|
Smelt |
X |
Spirinchus spp. |
|
|
Sole |
O |
Pleuronectidae |
|
|
Sturgeon |
X |
Acipenser spp. |
|
|
Suckers |
X |
Catostomus spp |
|
|
Trout, Cutthroat |
X |
O. clarkii-clarkii |
|
|
Trout, Rainbow |
X |
O. mykiss |
|
|
Trout, Steelhead |
X |
O. mykis |
Fowl |
Doves |
XX |
|
|
|
Ducks |
XX |
Anas spp.; Aythya spp |
|
|
Grouse, ruffed |
XX |
Bonansa umbellus |
|
|
Geese |
XX |
Branta spp. |
|
|
Swans |
XX |
Cygnus spp. |
|
|
Quail, Cal. |
XX |
Callipepla californica |
|
|
Quail, Mt. |
XX |
Oreortyx pictus |
|
|
Pigeon, band-tailed |
XX |
Columba fasciata |
Insects |
Grass hoppers |
XX |
|
|
|
Stoneflies |
X |
Plecoptera |
|
|
Yellow jackets (larvae) |
XX |
|
Red Meat |
Bear, Black |
XX |
Ursus americanus |
|
|
Beaver |
X |
Castor canadensis |
|
|
Boomer |
XX |
Aplodontia rufa |
|
|
Deer, Blacktail |
XX |
Odocoileus hemionus |
|
|
Deer, Whitetail |
XX |
Odocoileus virginiana |
|
|
Elk |
XX |
Cervus elephus |
|
|
Gray Diggers |
XX |
|
|
|
Hares |
XX |
Lepus americanus |
|
|
Rabbits |
XX |
|
|
|
Seals |
O |
Phoca vitulina |
|
|
Sea Lions |
O |
Zalophus californianu |
|
|
Squirrels, Gray |
XX |
|
|
|
Whale, Grey (occasional) |
O |
Eschrichtius gibbosus |
Shellfish |
Clams, Butter |
X |
Saxidomus giganteus |
|
|
Clams, Geoduck |
X |
Panopea generosa |
|
|
Clams, Freshwater |
X |
|
|
|
Clams, Horse |
X |
Schizothaerus spp. |
|
|
Clams, Razor |
O |
Siliqua patula |
|
|
Mussels, (saltwater) |
O |
Mytilus californianus |
|
|
Mussels, freshwater |
X |
M. margaritifera |
|
|
Oysters (native) |
X |
Ostrea lurida |
|
|
Urchins, Red/Purple |
O |
Strongylocentrotus spp |